Friday, June 22, 2012

Rubens's Allegory

 Peter Paul Rubens's Allegory of the Consequences of War (1638-9)

Being an English teacher, I often have to deal with the issue of not having an exact answer for what a work means. We can do a close reading of a text, focusing on every detail, deciphering diction, and distinguishing tone to come up with an analysis, but unless an author has left an explicit explanation of exactly what he or she had in mind, we are often left to come up with our own interpretation.

In the case of Peter Paul Rubens' Allegory of the Outbreak of War (1638), Rubens wrote a letter that explained exactly what he had in mind when he was painting. Every figure represents an idea. The central figure of the work is Mars, the Roman god of war who rushes forward with a shield and blood-stained sword, ignoring his mistress Venus and the Cupid/ Amor figures who dance around her. Monsters personifying Pestilence and Famine represent the terrible by-products of War. There is a woman with a broken lute who represents Harmony being shattered, and a cast-aside olive branch shows that there is no hope for Peace. There is a frightened mother with her child, showing that the Future is threatened.

To the left of Mars is a grief-stricken woman with a torn veil. The woman represents Europe, showing what war has done to the continent. (From 1562-1721, there were only four years that all of the countries of Europe were in a state of peace instead of war.)

(Gardner 555)
 





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